![]() No other disclosures were reported.įunding/Support: All financial and material support for this work was provided by the Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Hospital–Long Island, New York University Long Island School of Medicine. ![]() doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.3581Ĭorrection: This article was corrected on September 30, 2022, to fix the year of the study period and other minor typographical errors in the eMethods in the Supplement.Ĭorresponding Author: Nazeeh Hanna, MD, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Langone Hospital–Long Island, NYU Long Island School of Medicine, 259 First St, Mineola, NY 11501 ( Contributions: Dr Hanna had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.Īcquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.ĭrafting of the manuscript: Hanna, Heffes-Doon, Lin, Nayak.Ĭritical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.Īdministrative, technical, or material support: Hanna, Lin, Manzano De Mejia, Botros, Gurzenda, Nayak.Ĭonflict of Interest Disclosures: Dr Hanna reported grants from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, American Lung Association, March of Dimes, New York State Department of Health, and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. It is critical that lactating individuals be included in future vaccination trials to better evaluate the effect of mRNA vaccines on lactation outcomes. In addition, the potential interference of COVID-19 vaccine mRNA with the immune response to multiple routine vaccines given to infants during the first 6 months of age needs to be considered. However, caution is warranted about breastfeeding children younger than 6 months in the first 48 hours after maternal vaccination until more safety studies are conducted. We believe it is safe to breastfeed after maternal COVID-19 vaccination. Also, we did not test the possible cumulative vaccine mRNA exposure after frequent breastfeeding in infants. The limitations of this study include the relatively small sample size and the lack of functional studies demonstrating whether detected vaccine mRNA is translationally active. ![]() 5, 6 Furthermore, we speculate that vaccine mRNA released into mammary cell cytosol can be recruited into developing EVs that are later secreted in EBM. 4 We speculate that, following the vaccine administration, lipid nanoparticles containing the vaccine mRNA are carried to mammary glands via hematogenous and/or lymphatic routes. ![]() In rats, up to 3 days following intramuscular administration, low vaccine mRNA levels were detected in the heart, lung, testis, and brain tissues, indicating tissue biodistribution. Little has been reported on lipid nanoparticle biodistribution and localization in human tissues after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination. These data demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge the biodistribution of COVID-19 vaccine mRNA to mammary cells and the potential ability of tissue EVs to package the vaccine mRNA that can be transported to distant cells. The sporadic presence and trace quantities of COVID-19 vaccine mRNA detected in EBM suggest that breastfeeding after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination is safe, particularly beyond 48 hours after vaccination. Shared Decision Making and Communication.Scientific Discovery and the Future of Medicine.Health Care Economics, Insurance, Payment.Clinical Implications of Basic Neuroscience.Challenges in Clinical Electrocardiography.
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